Stockholm3 has been evaluated in large prospective and population-based screening studies. In total more than 90,000 men have participated in studies.

In a European screening cohort (N=12,670), Stockholm3 showed 90% sensitivity and 89% specificity for detecting aggressive prostate cancer (Grade Group ≥2 cancer). PSA ≥3 ng/ml showed 74% sensitivity and 90% specificity, while PSA ≥4 ng/ml showed 52% sensitivity and 95% specificity in the same cohort. [ref]

In men with PSA ≥1.5 ng/mL, Stockholm3 enabled detection of aggressive cancers while reducing unnecessary biopsies in men with elevated PSA levels compared to PSA-based referral pathways [ref]

Real-world use studies in Northern Europe reported stage migration and increased detection of aggressive prostate cancer following replacement of PSA-based screening strategies. 

• Compared with national Swedish registry data, a stage migration at biopsy was observed for the cancers detected at the Capio Prostate Cancer Center (N=12,405) which showed 46% fewer low-risk diagnoses, a higher proportion (+41%) of intermediate-risk cancers, and 19% fewer high risk, advanced and metastatic cancers. [ref]

• In a cross-sectional, population-based health-system implementation study in Norway (N=4,784), replacement of PSA with Stockholm3 was associated with an 89% relative increase in detection of aggressive prostate cancer and a 26% reduction in detection of Grade Group 1 disease compared to the prior PSA-based pathway [ref]

Long-term follow-up analyses have explored associations between risk-based screening approaches and prostate cancer outcomes.

All results are derived from peer-reviewed publications.